Aktaran: Remo
Pārsīg Language is presented below in a simple form. Just read it to find similarity with English/your native language. Do not worry if you're unable to understand it right now.
Pronunciation
Pārsīg includes the phonemes shown in Table 1:
Consonatal sounds
Place of articulation
Manner of Palato- Rounded-
articulation Labial Alveolar alveolar Palatal Velar velar Glottal
Plosive
Voiceless p t k
Voiced b d g
Affricate
Voiceless c
voiced j
Fricative xv
Voiceless f s š x h
Voiced v z
Nasal m n
Trill r
Approximant y
Lateral l
Vowels
Short i e a o u
Long ī ē ā ō ū
a
A low-mid vowel, similar to the first, de-stressed in the English verb subject, or to the vowel in English but, articulated with the lips somewhat closer together than in southern standard English.
abr ‘cloud’, dar ‘door’, vad ‘bad’
ā
A low central vowel, similar to the first vowel in English father (in northern English pronunciation), or as a in wash.
āb ‘water’, dār ‘tree; wood’, vād ‘wind’, vāzār ‘market’
i
A quite high front vowel; rather like the vowel in English sit in southern standard English pronunciation. Speakers of Pārsīg may employ a higher, tenser, somewhat longer pronunciation of this vowel than that indicated here (in which it is less distinct from the following vowel, ī).
im ‘this’, dil ‘heart’, peristag ‘servant’
ī
A high front vowel, similar to the vowel in English seat in southern standard English pronunciation.
dibīr ‘scribe’, zamīg ‘earth’, anī ‘other’, īzad ‘god’
u
A quite high back rounded vowel, rather like the vowel in English put in southern standard English pronunciation, though tending to be slightly higher. Speakers of Pārsīg may employ a higher, tenser, somewhat longer pronunciation of this vowel than that indicated here (in which it is less distinct from the following vowel, ū).
u/ ud ‘and’, dušmen ‘enemy’, drust ‘right; healthy’
ū
A high back rounded vowel, rather like the vowel in English food in southern standard English pronunciation, but with slightly less lip sounding than this vowel sometimes receives in that pronunciation.
dūd ‘smoke’, srū ‘horn’, hušnūd ‘contented’
e
A (high-)mid front vowel, similar to the first vowel in German geben, or French été.
enyā ‘otherwise’, ped ‘to, at, on’, škeft ‘astonishing’
ē
A mid front vowel, similar to the vowel in French paix.
ēn ‘this’, bēš ‘pain’, vēnīg ‘nose’
o
A (high-)mid back rounded vowel, similar to the vowel in French beau.
do ‘two’, ox ‘existence’, soxan ‘word, speech’
ō
A mid back rounded vowel, rather like the vowel in English nod in southern standard English pronunciation, but rather longer, and tending usually to be pronounced with a slightly higher point of articulation.
ōz ‘strength’, bōy ‘scent, perfume’, frōd ‘down’
h
Voiceless glottal fricative; as in English.
šāh ‘king’, ham ‘same’, siyāh ‘black’
x
Voiceless velar fricative; as ch in Scottish loch, German Bach.
xāyag ‘egg’, xūb ‘good’, draxt ‘tree’, vistāx ‘confident’
g
Voiced velar stop, palatalized in a final position and before ā, e, i and ē, otherwise as in English.
gāh ‘seat, throne’, grīv ‘neck’, garm ‘warm, hot’, magas ‘fly’, marg ‘death’
k
Voiceless velar stop, palatalized under the same conditions as g, otherwise as in English.
kabk ‘partridge’, xāk ‘dust; earth’, kirbakkar ‘beneficent’
š
Voiceless palato-velar fricative; similar to English sh, but often more tense in articulation.
šād ‘happy’, šab ‘night’, gōš ‘ear’, cašm ‘eye’
y
Palatal glide; somewhat like English y in the word yard, but more laxly articulated and vocalic in quality, especially when non-initial.
yān ‘boon’, may ‘wine’, drayā ‘sea’
j
Voiced Palato-alveolar affricate; similar to English j in jam.
jagar ‘liver’, jām ‘glass’, āranj ‘elbow’
c
Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate; the closest English equivalent is ch in church, but Pārsīg c has minimum aspiration, and is more tense in articulation than English ch.
caxr ‘wheel’, kafcag ‘spoon’, ēc ‘any’, peccēn ‘copy’
r
Alveolar or post-dental liquid with weak roll, or tap; usually like Scottish rolled r except that the roll is not so prolonged.
rāh ‘way, road’, dūr ‘far’, narm ‘soft’
l
Alveolar or post-dental liquid; similar to “clear” l in English lick.
lab ‘lip’, gul ‘flower, rose’, vālīdan ‘to grow’, buland ‘high’
n
Dental nasal; as in English except before b, when it is pronounced as m.
nām ‘name’, nūn ‘now’, danb = damb ‘shore’, xvamn ‘sleep’
d
Voiced dental stop; an French d.
dānāg ‘wise’, azd ‘known’, adān ‘unknowing’, hind ‘India’
t
Voiceless dental stop, in which the tongue tip touches the teth, not the ridge behind the teeth. This articulation of t is common in English before a word beginning with a dental fricative, e.g. in the sequence at the …
tan ‘body’, dast ‘hand’, pettūdan ‘to endure’, vattar ‘worse’, gētīg ‘world’
z
Voiced alveolar or post-dental fricative; as English z.
zamān ‘time’, zan ‘wife’, az ‘from’, nazd ‘near’, bazag ‘evil, crime’
s
Voiceless alveolar or post-dental fricative; as hard English s.
sēb ‘apple’, sar ‘head’, pusar ‘son, boy’, stūn ‘column’, pessannīdan ‘to approve, like’
xv (also written xv)
Rounded-velar fricative, rather like the consonant x, but immediately tending to purse the lips.
xvāb ‘slep, xvardan ‘to eat’, naxvist ‘first’, nixvārdan ‘to hasten’
f
Voiceless labio-dental fricative; as English f.
fradāg ‘tomorrow’, kaf ‘foam’, vafr ‘snow’, afsān ‘fable’
v
Voiced labio-dental fricative; upper teeth just touch lower lip, always with loose content, and lips are unrounded. Sometimes, especially following consonants, a bilabial rather than a labio-dental sound may be heard.
vas ‘much, many, enough’, kišvar ‘continent’, murv ‘bird’
b
Voiced bilabial stop; as English b.
bay ‘lord’, darbān ‘gatekeeper’, babr ‘tiger’, carb ‘mild; fatty’
p
Voiceless bilabial stop, similar to unaspirated p in English spin.
pidar ‘father’, pursīdan ‘to ask’, asp ‘horse’, spēd ‘white’, appurdan ‘to carry off, rob’
m
Bilabial nasal; as English m.
asmān ‘sky’, carm ‘skin, hide’, kam ‘few’, mādar ‘mother’
• Nouns and Adjectives
The Pārsīg noun evolved into a two-number and no-case system. The singular is unmarked. The general plural morpheme is °ān, and sometimes °īhā (in the later writings). There are no morphological cases.
• Pronouns
It is possible to establish a paradigm of personal pronouns of three persons for the singular and three for plurals (V: a linking vowel).
Tonic Enclitic
_________________________
Singular 1 man, (an) -Vm
2 tō, (tū) -Vt
3 ōy/ avē/ ō, (hō) -Vš
Plural 1 amā(h) -Vmān, -Vn
2 ašmā(h) -Vtān
3 avēšān, avīn, (havīn) -Všān
____________________________
Demonstrative pronouns: ēn, ēd, im ‘this (one)’, pl. ēnēšān, imēšān/ imīn; ōy, hān ‘that (one)’, pl. avīn/ avēšān, hānēšān.
Relative and interrogative pronouns: ī (also īg) links almost every noun and its modifier; it also has a relative meaning. kē relative pronoun ‘who, which’, interrogative pronoun ‘who?’, cē relative pronoun ‘what, which’, interrogative pronoun ‘which? what?’, generalizing kadām-iz-ē ‘whichever’, kadār interrogative pronoun ‘which (of two), who?’, generalizing kadār-z-ē.
Indefinite pronouns: kas ‘some (one, body), person’; tis ‘some (thing)’; anī ‘other’; ēc ‘any’; harv ‘every’; visp, harvisp ‘all, every’; hamag ‘all’; hāmōyēn ‘all, every’; cand ‘some’, (interrogative pronoun ‘how much, how many?’).
Reflexive pronouns: xvēš reflexive/ possessive pronoun ‘own’; xvad reflexive/ emphatic pronoun.
• Verbs
The verb is formally characterized by two stems from which all forms can be built: the present stem and the past stem.
The inflection of the verb bav- (sometimes b-) ‘to be, become’:
Indicative
sg. 1 bavam (°em, °em) pl. 1 bavem (°am, °um)
2 bevē (°eh) 2 baved (bed)
3 baved (bed) 3 bavend
Subjunctive
sg. 1 bavān pl. 1 bavām
2 bavāy (bavā) 2 bavād
3 bavād 3 bavānd
Optative
sg. 3 bēh (bē)
Imperative
sg. 2 bāš pl. 2 baved/ bed
The inflection of the verb h- (sometimes ah-) ‘to be’):
Indicative
sg. 1 ham (hem, hum) pl. 1 hem (ham, hum)
2 hē 2 hed
3 ast 3 hend
Subjunctive
sg. 1 hān pl. 1 hām
2 hāy (hā) 2 hād
3 hād 3 hānd
Optative
sg. 1 hēm pl. 1 hēm
2 hēš 2 hēd
3 hē 3 hēnd
The inflection of the verb ēst (sometimes est-) ‘to be, stand’:
Indicative
sg. 1 ēstam (ēstem) pl. 1 ēstem
2 ēstē (ēsteh) 2 ēsted
3 ēsted 3 ēstend
Subjunctive
sg. 1 ēstān
2 ēstāy (āstā)
3 ēstād pl. 3 ēstānd
Optative
sg. 2 ēstēš
4 ēstē
Imperative
sg. 2 ēst pl. 2 ēsted
The past tense is used in periphrastic constructions with auxiliary verbs such as bav-, h-, ēst-. Using the intransitive verb šav-/ past šud ‘to go’ and the transitive verb vēn-/ past dīd ‘to see’ as examples, the interpretation of the preterit is as fommows:
Indicative
sg. 1 šud ham (‘I went’) pl. 1 šud hem
2 šud hē 2 šud hed
3 šud pl. 3 šud hend
Subjunctive
sg. 1 šud hān pl. 1 šud hām
‘I may have gone’
2 šud hāy 2 šud hād
3 šud hād 3 šud hānd
Optative
sg. 3 šud hē pl. 3 šud hend hē
‘would that he had gone’
Indicative
sg. 1 (…) dīd ham ‘(…) saw me’, etc.
e.g. u-t dīd ham ‘and you saw me’; andar šahr dīd ham ‘I was seen in the city’.
My first pārsīg words and phrases: fradum vāz ud mārīgān
namāz bow; hello, hi
namāz ō … homage into …
drod health; peace; hello
drod abar tō! peace upon you! = hello!
ped rām! cheerio!
ped drod! Farewell! goodbye!
bāmdād xvaš good morning, hello
uzerin xvaš good afternoon, hello
ēvārag xvaš good evening, hello
šab xvaš good night
ped emēd ī dīdār see you
hušnūd ham az dīdār-atān pleased to meet you
ōhāy yes
nē no
nē, āzādīh no thank you
agar-at sahed/ pessazag please
agar-atān sahed/ pessazag please
dar framāy bastan please shut the door
āzādīh thanks
ped āzādīh dāram tahnk you
āzādīh vasyār thanks very much
tis nēst you’re welcome
drust mad hē! welcome!
drust ōr welcome!
abaxš ham sorry
cē? sorry?
cōn hē tū? how are you?
cōn hed ašmāh? how are you?
vas xūb, āzādīh very well, thank you
tū cē? and yourself?
būzišn xvāham excuse me
cand ast? how much is it?
šāyam šudan? can I go?
an cāy abāyam can I have some tea?
an cāy kāmam I’d like to have some tea
šāyē tū abāz guftan? could you say that again?
āhistagdar framāy vyāvurdan please don’t speak so fast
ēdōn tēz mā framāy vyāvurdan please don’t speak so fast
an nē peymasam I don’t understand
drust O.K.
hēb šavem/ ē šavem come on, let’s go
cē-nām ast ped pārsīg? what’s that called in Pārsīg?
xūb ast that’s fine
bastag closed
višādag open
andar-kār engaged
āgāhīh pāyag enquiries
adēn entrance
uzēn exit
abādixšāy forbidden
rāyagān free (of cost)
hōy left
dašn right
ahrāmag lift
gāhūg litter
adēnišn nē no entry
nišālišn nē no parking
dūdēnišn nē no smoking
agār out of order
vāspuhragān private
abāz kiš pull
frāz kiš push
tuhīg vacant
uzēn way out
Journey : rāh
banndar ī andarvāz airport
rahvāz plane
bunag bagage
vāš coach
bālēngāh sleeping platform
pōd ferry
pedišt station
banndargāh harbour
darbann gate
pas nihādan to book
vazīg taxi
purrgāh terminal
kāravān train
abarcafs ticket
ēv abarcafs ō samargand
a ticket to Samarcand
an kāmam nišēm-ē pas nihādan
I’d like to reserve a seat
nišēm-ē kanār ī pedihān, agar-atān sahed
a window seat please
az kadām taxtgāh kāravān ō šīrāz franamed?
which platform is it for Shiraz?
cē zamān ast didīg parvāz?
what time is the next flight?
ēd hān ī kāravān ast ī ō Mumbai franamed?
is this the right train for Mumbai?
ēn vāš ō kōy ī šāh franamed?
is this bus foing to Shah avenue?
ēn nišēm vaxtag ast?
is this seat free?
abāyed kāravān vihiram?
do I have to change (trains)?
ēd ast hān ī peyrām gurgān rāy?
is this the right stop for gurgān?
kadām purrgāh kābul rāy ast?
which terminal is it for Kabul?
ēn abarcafs drust (ast)?
is this ticket OK?
an kāmam hān ī xvēš abarcafs vihirīdan
I’d like to change my ticket
spanzagānīh rāy āzādīh
thanks for a lovely stay
āzādīh vasyār kū ō dīdār ī man mad hē
thanks very much for coming to meet me
xūb, rasīd hem ō harēv
well, here we are in Heart
ēc pēdāg guftan nēst?
anything to declare?
bunag ī xvēš framāy višādan
will you open this bag, please?
⌂
rasišn arrival(s)
franamišn departure(s)
bunag āvarišn baggage claim
abargīrišnīh boarding
ōzādag cancelled
bunag-abespārišnīh check-in
vidār crossing
bāzgāh (ī banndar) customs
spuxtag delayed
franamišn-srāy departure lounge
parvāz flight
ādehīg franamišn domestic departure
ādehīg parvāz domestic flight
adēn entrance
uzēn exit
hamyān bann fasten your seat belt
darbann gate
uzdehīg franamišn international departures
ulvaz take-off
adēn way in
uzēn way out
Accomodation
māništ
spanz ī juvānān youth hostel
abāg ābzan with bath
gyāg room
gyāg ī dogānag double room
gyāg ī ēvtāg single room
kilēl key
rabih lunch
šām evening
ābvārag shower
kārdāgxānag hotel
vistargāh bed
šab night
mehmānxānag guesthouse
cāšt breakfast
pedīriftārīh reception
xvarišn srāy dining room
ābzangāh ī vāspuhragān private bathroom
an gyāg-ē ēvšabag xvāham
do you have a room for one night?
an gyāg-ē ēvtāg xvāham
do you have a room for one person?
an gyāg-ē dogānag xvāham
do you have a room for two people?
man gyāg-ē pas nihād
I have a reservation
amāh kāmem gyāg-ē ēk haftag tahkīhistan
we’d like to rent a room for a week
an gyāg-ē xūb ud arzān abar nigeram
I’m looking for a good cheap room
cand ast (vahāg ī gyāg)?
how much is it?
šāyam gyāg dīdan, agar-atān sahed?
can I see the roo please?
cāšt (andar hān vahāg) vinzīd ast?
does that include breakfast?
gyāg-ē abāg-dīd abar drayā
a room overlooking the sea
amāh kāmem anī šab māndan
we’d like to stay another night
(šab) dēr rasem
we will be arriving late
syāhag-am framāy virāstan
can I have my bill please?
dastādast vizāram
I’ll pay cash
pasādast tāš pedīred?
ped pasādast tāš šāyam vizārdan?
can I pay by credit card?
šāyed ašmāh abēr bāmdād-am ped šaš ud sīh vigrādan?
ped šaš ud sīh ī bāmdād-am xrōhed ašmāh?
will you give me a call at 6.30 in morning?
cē gāh cāšt ārāyed?
at what time do you serve breakfast?
cē gāh šām ārāyed?
at what time do you serve dinner?
šāyem amāh andar gyāg ī xvēš cāšt xvardan?
can we have breakfast in our room?
mānēnīdan ī amāh rāy āzādīh
thanks for pulling us up
⌂
taxt ud cāšt B&B, bed and breakfast
spanz boarding house
acār uzēn emergency exit
sard ī rastārīh fire escape
uzēn ī rastārīh fire escape
rōzšabānīh full board
nērōzšabānīh half board
hamvar ground floor
mehmānxānag guest house
mehmānān abāyed kū pēš az zamān ī dvāzdah gyāg hilend guests are requested to vacate their rooms by 12 o’clock
ahrāmag lift
srāy lounge
srāy tuhīg vacancies
gyāg purr no vacancies
mā framāy višuftan please do not disturb
gyāg ped tahk rooms to let
ābvārag shower
Restaurant
xvardestān
syāhag bill
xvārdan to drink
xvardīg food
pasxvard dessert
pēšxvard starter
spasag waiter, waitress
xvardan to eat
pahrist (ī xvardīgān) menu
xvard main course
baxšišn tip
xvardestān restaurant
tarrēnag salad
spasagīh service
ēv xvān ī sigānag, agar-atān sahed
a table for three, please
an pahrist xvāham dīdan
can I see the menu?
amāh kāmem framān dādan
we’d like to order
cē handarzēned ašmāh?
what do you recommend?
syāhag, agar-atān pessazag
could I/ we have the bill please?
do šīrkahvag, agar-atān sahed
two white coffee please
man rāy ast
that’s for me
ēcand anī nān, agar-atān sahed
some more bread please
ēv šīšag ī may ī suxr/ spēd, agar-atān sahed
a bottle of red/ white wine please
⌂
xvardestān ī pārsīg Pārsī restaurant
xvardestān ī hindīg Indian restaurant
xvardestān ī cīnīg Chinese restaurant
pahrist (ī xvardīgān) set menu
bē burden (xvardīg) take away
pahrist ī may wine list
Pub : mayxānag
jō (afšarag) beer
jō rōšn lager
may wine
hur spirituous liquor
bādag young wine
maypuxtag boiled wine
xvārdan to drink
nibīd ī jō malt liquor
raxš brown
spēd white
nēm(ag) half
ēx ice
zamān ī bannišn closing time
nārang afšarag fresh orange
limbūgāb lemonade
mayfrōšīh off-licence
suxr red
hušk dry
xvārišn rāy ē šavem
let’s go for a drink
ēv jām ī jō rōšṇ, agar-atān sahed
a pint of lager please
nēm jām ī jō rōšn, agar-atān sahed
half a pint of lager please
ēv jām ī may suxr/ spēd
a glass of red/ white wine
vas ēx abāg
with lots of ice
ēx nē, āzādīh
no ice thanks
ham did, agar-atān sahed
the same again please
cē xvāred ašmāh?
what’ll you have?
vārag ī man ast
I’ll get this round
man rāy nē, āzādīh
not for me thanks
ōy bavandag škastag ast
he’s absolutely smashed
anōš
cheers
⌂
taxl bitter
jō bōr bitter
jō afšarag beer on draught
jō rōšn lager
jō raxš stout
maygāh wine bar
In the Kitchen : andar xvardīgpazxānag
sēb apple
sēbēnag apple pie
āb ī sēb apple juice
zardālūg apricot
paz-/ puxtan to bake
pazan bake
puxtag gundmāš baked beans
puxtag sēb-zamīgīg baked potato
gōšt ī gāv beef
cugandar beefroot
huškānag biscuit
kahvag/ kāvag black coffee
gālišangūr ī syā blackcurrant
ayārdag boiled
ayārdag xāyag boiled egg
nān bread
sēnag ī kark breast of chicken
sōrābag brine
sōrbāg broth
kār(ag) butter
kramb cabbage
kāk cake
panīr cheese
gilanār cherry
kark chicken
rōvnbrištag chips
kahvag/ kāvag coffee
xām(ag) cream
xiyār cucumber
ped-abzār curried
sōrbāg curry
ped-abzār xvarišn curry
rōvn-tāftag deep fried
xistbāg doughnut
ādīg duck
ādīk duckling
xāyag egg
afšarag expressed juice
māhīg fish
āb ī nārang ī tāzag fresh orange juice
xāyagēnag fried egg
nahcīr game
rān dūdīg gammon
sīr garlic
singabēr ginger
vahišt vādrang grapefruit
āb ī gōšt gravy
gundmāš ī tarun green beens
sabzdānag green beens
naxvad ī tarun green peas
sīx grill
sīxbrišt grilled
rān(-afsard) ham
xāyag ī saxt hard-boiled egg
bist/ pundag hazelnut
xānagīg home made
angubēn honey
ēx ice
vafrēnag ice cream
hambag jam
larzēnag jelly
āb juice
sīxbrēz kebab
gurdag kidney
šāhmēg king prawn
varrag lamb
gendanāg leek
pāy leg
limbūg lemon
kūk lettuce
jagar liver
karzang (ī zreh) lobster
nārang hambag marmalade
kōbīdag mashed
gōšt meat
kuftag gōyvār meatball
šīr milk
(gōšt ī) rēz-rēz minced (meat)
pōdenag mint
āmixtag mixed
gumēzag-baz mixing vessel
xvamb mushroom
spendān mustard
piyāz onion
āb ī nārang orange juice
gādumbāg oxtail soup
gōšmāhīg oyster
tābag pan
dēnārōyag parsley
šiftālūg peach
urmōd pear
pilpal pepper
tadar pheasant
ācār pickles
sambōsag pie
nāzsēb pineapple
sādag plain
āppaz poached
xūg pork
harēsag porridge
mēg (cihragīg) prawn
xargōš rabbit
turb radish
tamiš(k) raspberry
brinj rice
brēz-/ brištan to roast
brištag or briyān roasted
kark ī briyān roast chicken
šāxal rye
māhīg āzād salmon
namehk salt
kāmag sauce
uskirrag saucer
namehkēn savoury
brišt xāyag scrambled eggs
bār ī drayā seafood
xāmiz side dish
dūdīg māhīg smoked fish
spanāg spinach
sōzanjōš stew
panīr (xašēn) Stilton
vāštūd strawberry
āganišn stuffing
šakar sugar
mayxvaš sweet and sour
šīrēn bār sweet fruits
šiftjōrdā sweetcorn
šīr-cāy tea with milk
brišt bazmāvurd toasted sandwich
ālūg zamīgīg tomato
šāhrōdmāhīg trout
kark ī hindūg turkey
gōdar (gōšt) veal
urvar veg/ vegetables
urvarxvarišn vegetarian
gōšt ī āhūg venison
(ham) zan-/ zadan whip
Transport : burdāvurd
uzvard return
šudan ud abāz madan return
ēvtāg single
ēvāz šudan single
vāš bus
abarcafs ticket
gardag map
vihirīdan to change
rōvn ī naft petrol
rahxānag garage
pedišt station
azēr-zamīg underground
vāzan motor
jahr machine
vazīg taxi
kāravān train
docaxrag bike
rah car
an kāmam ēv rah/ docaxrag tahkīhistan
I’d like to rent a car/ bike
cand ast rōz drahnāy?
how much is it per day?
kay abāyed an rah abāz āvaram?
when do I have to bring the car back?
an ō xūzestān hamē šāvam
I’m going to Khuzestan
az kadām rōn ast mihragānkadag?
how do I get to Mihragankadag?
rāst
straight (on/ ahead)
pēc hōy / dašn
turn left/ right
hān dēsmān ast
it’s that building
fradum/ didIg/ sidIg ped hōy
first/ second/ third on the left
amāh pāygōs dīdār hamē kunem
we’re just travelling around
an hān ī ēdar nē ham
I’m a stranger here
andar rāh ī man ast hān?
is that on the way?
šāyam ēdar frōd madan?
can ī get off here?
fravaz rāy āzādīh vasyār
thanks very much for the lift
do uzvard ō navsārī, agar-atān sahed
two returns to Nausari please
cē gāh franamed abdum kāravān ped abāz madan?
what time is the last train back?
amāh xvāhem fradāg šudan ud pasfradāg abāz madan
we want to leave tomorrow and to come back the day after
amāh ham rōz abāz bē āyem
we’re coming back the same day
ēn taxtgāh ī drust (ped) zanjān šudan rāy ast?
is this the right platform for Zanjan?
ēn kāravān ō xvarāsān šaved?
is this train going to Khurasan?
kū hem amāh
where are we?
kūgyāg abāyed frōd āyam (ped) kirmānšāh šudan rāy?
which stop is it for Kirmanshah?
šāyam docaxrag ī xvēś andar kāravān burdan?
can I take my bike on the train?
kū ast nazdīgdum naftpāyag?
where’s the nearest petrol station?
man rāy caxrpōst-ē nōg niyāz ast
I need a new tyre
vāzan abēr taft ast
it’s overheating
abāzēnag drust kār nē hamē kuned
there’s something wrong with the brakes
⌂
abāg vazēnīdār mā viyāvar do not speak to the driver
āgāhīh pāyag enquiries
pedxir ī drust, agar-atān sahed exact fare please
pedxir ī frāy excess fare
tuhīg for hire
kanār šav! give way!
abarcafs ēdar andar kun! insert ticket here!
abarcafs ī xvēś dār! keep your ticket!
pedišt ī vazurg radag main line station
nē adēnišn no entry
tōzišn penalty
taxtgāh platform
dašn bē framāyed māndan! please stand on the right
ēdar afšāred! press here
frāz kiš ud višāy! push to open
āvāmīg abarcafs season ticket
Shopping
xrīd
arzān cheap
tabangōg cashdesk
cak cheque
grān expensive
xrīdgāh shop
tōz-/ tuxtan to pay
baxš department
nibišt receipt
hambān bag
vāzārag supermarket
frōxtār shop assistant
ašmāh rāy šakar ast?
have you got sugar?
cand ast?
how much is it?
šāyam an nigāh kirdan?
can I just have a look around?
hān ī andar pedihān
the one in the window
pasādast tāš pedīred (ašmāh)?
do you take credit cards?
ēv nibišt framāyed dādan
could I have a receipt please?
an kāmam-aš āzmādan
I’d like to try it on
an abāz bē āyam
I’ll come back
abēr vazurg ast
it’s too big
abēr kōcak ast
it’s too small
hān nēst ī an abāyam
it’s not that I’m looking for
an xvāham-aš griftan
I’ll take it
šayed-aš ašmāh dāšn drābišn kirdan?
can you gift-wrap it?
⌂
tabangōg cash point
frōš (ī harv tis) ped kāhišn (clearance) sale
dārmag xvār-u-bār-frōšīh delicatessen
baxš department
vazurg hambārag department store
peymōg ī nārīgān ladies’ fashions
jāmag ī mardān menswear
mayfrōšīh off-licence
caxr ī hamrāh trolley
caxr ī hamrāh framāyed burdan please take a trolley
• Money
xvāstag ud dāng
syāhag bill
gāhbed pāyag bank
gāhbed banker
pasādast tāš credit card
dāngvihirīh gyāg bureau de change
cak cheque
kārdāg cak traveller’s cheque
grān expensive
dāng baxtār cash dispenser
xvardak change
hanz ī dāngvihirīh exchange rate
cand ast?
how much is it?
an kāmam ēd ō rūpī vihirīdan
I’d like to change this into Rupee
šāyed ašmāh ō man xvardak dādan?
can you give me something smaller?
ēd pasādast tāš pedīred ašmāh?
can I use this credit card?
syāhag, agar-atān sahed
can I/ we have the bill please?
xvardak framāy dāštan
please keep the change
spasagīh vinzīd ast?
does that include service?
hanz ī ašmāh cē?
what are your rates?
an menam kū vaxr-ē ast
I think there’s a mistake
man rāy hambun-z dāng nēst
I’m completely broke
⌂
gāhbed pāyag (place) bank
gāhbedīh (function) bank
hanz ī xrīd buying rate
dasādast cash
tāš ī pasādast credit card
šahr-ravāg domestic currency
hanz ī dāngvihirīh exchange rate
bēšahr-ravāg foreign currency
hanz ī frōxt selling rate
kārdāg cak travellers’ cheque
tabangōgbān teller
• Going out
bē šudan
abarcafs ticket
srūdār singer
vicašmag photo(graph)
šabnimāy cinema
fradēssrāy (place) theatre
šabvāzīg (play) theatre
hamāhangīh concert
nivāgxānag disco/ discotheque
pardag film
dastag band
āzend play
nišēm seat
šabnišīyīh night out
bē šudan to go out
nimāyišn show
imšab cē kuned ašmāh?
what are you doing tonight?
imšab abāg man xvāhē bē šudan?
do you want to come out with me tonight?
cē nimāyišn-ē ast?
what’s on?
ašmāh rāy dastvar ī nimāyišn andar šahrestān ast?
have you got a programme of what’s on in town?
kadām ast pahlum nivāgxānag ī ēd pērāmōn?
which is the best disco round here?
ō vicašmag ē šavem
let’s go to the cinema
ō fradēssrāy ē šavem
let’s go to the theatre
man dīd
I’ve seen it
ō ham rasem ped pedišt zamān ī nōh
I’ll meet you at 9 o’clock at the station
an do abarcafs xvāham imšab rāy
can I have two tickets for tonight’s performance?
xvāhē tū pāyvāzīg kirdan?
do you want to dance?
xvāhē tū did pāyvāzīg kirdan?
do you want to dance again?
āzādīh, bē an abāg dōst ī xvēš ham
thanks but I’m with my boyfriend
vēn tāzag kirdan rāy bē šavem
let’s go out for some fresh air
man rāy andarōn ped-vēnišn abāg kas ast
I’m meeting someone inside
⌂
daftar ī pasnihišnīh booking office
jašn ī kāravānīg vāzār funfair
didīg nimāyišn next performance
purr sold out
sarvāzīg star
azērnibišt subtitle(d)
Beach
damb
raxšēnīdan to tan
šnāz brahmag swimming costume
azēršalvār ī šnāz trunks
aftāb carbišn / rōvn suntan lotion/ oil
drayā(b) sea
šnāzīdan to swim
damb beach
ābbunīh šudan to dive
rēg sand
raxšīhistan to sunbathe
varm wave
ō damb ē šavem
let’s go down to the beach
āb cōn ast?
what’s the water like?
nēk ast
it’s beautiful
afsarišnīg ast
it’s freezing
āyē tū šnāzīdan?
are you coming for a swim?
nē dānam šnāzīdan
I can’t swim
ōy mīg humānāg šnāzed
he swims like a fish
šāyē tū bunag ī man pādan?
will you keep an eye on my things for me?
āb zufr ast?
is it deep here?
šāyē tū rōvn abar pušt ī man muštan?
could you rub suntan oil on my back?
an dōšam raxšīhistan
I love sun bathing
an sarāpāy aftābzadag ham
I’m all sunburnt
tū sarāpāy tarr hē
you’re all wet!
ō cāyxānag ē šavem!
let’s go up to the café
⌂
drāztaxt deckchairs
tuhīg for hire
purr high tide
ōgār low tide
(āb) nē šnāzišn no bathing
gašt/ gaštgāh prom/ promenade
Problems
frašn
jadišn accident
rah ī vēmārān ambulance
zaxmīg injured
škastag broken
agār out of order
dēr late
ādursuxtīh fire
vēmār ill
bizešk doctor
gizīr police
buzāgān fire brigades
acārīh emergency
acār uzēn emergency exit
šāyed ašmāh frayādīdan-am? vinībūd ham
can you help me? I’m lost
man vidarnāmag ī xvēš vin kird
I’ve lost my passport
man xvēš bērōn abar bast
I’ve locked myself out
bunag ī man nē rasīd
my luggage hasn’t arrived
an nē šāyam-aš višādan
I can’t get it open
gīr kird ast
it’s jammed
man rāy dāng ī vas nēst
I don’t have enough money
agār ōftād ham
I’ve broken down
šāyam kārōzag ī ašmāh ped kār zadan, acārīh ast
can I use your telephone please, this is an emergency
frayād!
help!
kār nē kuned
it doesn’t work
cirāh ī gyāg ī man agār
the lights aren’t working in my room
ahrāmag agār
the lift is stuck
an ēc nē peymasam
I can’t understand a single word
kas ēdar ast kē pārsīg dāned (vāxtan)?
is there anybody here who speak Pārsīg?
āb nē šāred
the toilet won’t flush
andar ābzan sarbann nēst
there’s no plug in the bath
āb ī garm nēst
there’s no hot water
ēc šarmmāl nēst
there’s no toilet paper left
abaxš ham, man āyēnag škast
I’m afraid I’ve accidentally broken the mirror
ēn mard an dumbāl hamē kird ēsted
this man has been following me
an rafīd ēstam
I’ve been mugged
dasthambān ī man duzīd ēsted
my handbag has been stolen
⌂
pahrēz-/ pahristan to beware
gāh ī ādursuxtīh šīšag škastan break glass in case of fire
acār uzēn emergency exit
abādixšāy forbidden
tanišn ī buland high voltage
rāh nē bannišn keep clear
az caman dūr bavišn keep off the grass
nē adēnišn keep out
gām nigāhišn mind the step
agār out of order
abādixšāy adēnāg pēšemālīhed trespassers will be prosecuted
uš dār! warning (signal)
Health
tandrustīh
suxtagīh burn
škastag broken
pedīragābusīh contraception
dandānbizešk dentist
agār disabled
vēmārestān hospital
peristār nurse
dāyag wet-nurse
vēmār ill
vēmārīh disease
bizešk/ bišehk doctor
nivār band/ bandage
dārūgxānag chemist’s
xūn blood
drustīh health
xvaš nē ham
I don’t feel well
vattar hamē baved
it’s getting worse
vehdar ham
I feel better
aškam-am/ dil-am ped caxr āyed
I feel sick
ēdar-am dard kuned
I’ve got a pain here
dard āyed
it hurts
tab ī ōy frāy ast
he’s got a high temperature
šāyed ašmāh bizešk-ē xrustan?
could you call a doctor?
grāy ast?
is it serious?
ōy rāy kārd-bēšāzišnīh niyāz ast?
will he need an operation?
dōlābīg ham
I’m diabetic
ōy garm dār!
keep her warm!
ašmāh rāy tis pedīrag ī sardard ast?
have you got anything for headache?
⌂
xastag-xānag casualty (dept)
dārūkkarīh (dispensing) chemist
fradum-frayād first aid
dardzadār pain killer
darmānbarīh prescription
harv rōz si bār xvardan/ xvārdan pēš az xvaran to be taken three times a day before meals
baxš (ī vēmārestān) ward
Post
byaspag
byaspag-xānag post office
byaspag uzēnag postage
fravardag kibūd postbox
bastag parcel
frēstīdan to send
fravardag / nāmag letter
daxšag stamp
cand ast (vahāg ī) ēv fravardag ō hindūgān?
how much is a letter to India?
an cahār daxšag kāmam
I’d like four stamps
ēc pēg-nāmag man rāy ast?
is there any mail for me?
an bastag-ē az pārs pehikaham
I’m expecting a parcel from Pārs
⌂
abārīg gyāg all other places
pēg nāmag/ pēg bār mail
didīg harōbišnīh next collection
byaspag mārīg post code
nāmkird registered
frēstīdār sender
daxšag stamp
• Telephone
kārōzag
kārōzag rāyēnag telephone directory
kārōzagnāmag phone book
kārōzag kibūd phone box
ušmārag number
andar kār engaged
kār-rāyēnīdār operator
rāyēnag pāyag directory enquiries
xrōh-/ xrustan to phone, to call
kārōzag-ē ēdar ast?
is there a phone round here?
šāyam kārōzag ī ašmāh ped kār zadan?
can I use your phone?
kāmam ō hindūgān xrustan
I’d like to make a phone call to India
kāmam abāg dēnag viyāvurdan
could I speak to Denag?
namāz, an ham frahād
hello, this is Frahad
šāyam peygām nihādan?
can I leave a message?
pārsīg vāzed ašmāh?
do you speak Pārsīg?
kē xrōhān?
who’s calling please?
šāyed ašmāh hān vas ud frahīd āhistag abāz guftan?
could you say that again very very slowly?
šāyed ašmāh guftan-aš kū husrō xrust?
could you tell him/ her Husrō called?
šāyed ašmāh xvāstan-aš kū-m xrōhād?
couild you ask him/her to ring me back?
an did xrōham
I’ll call back later
ušmārag ī man ast: haftsad-u-haftād-u-šaš sīh-u-do yāzdah
my number is: 776- 32 11
ēv xvardag framāy pādan
just a minute please
ōy bērōn ast
he’s out
abaxš ham, man ušmārag ī abārōn grift
sorry, I’ve got the wrong number
dušvār ast ašnūdan-atān
it’s a terrible line
xvad ham
speaking
framāy(ed) pādan!
hang on!
kē xrōhān?
who’s calling?
⌂
ušmārag gīr-/ griftan to dial number
rāyēnag pāyag directory enquiries
andar kār engaged
xvardak andar kun! insert money!
dastag abar gīr-/ griftan to lift handset
xrōh ī dūrdast long distance call
kārōzag tāš phonecard
dastag abāz nihādan to replace handset
• Numbers and amounts
mar ud candīh
→ Cardinal numbers
0 sūrag
1 ēv/ ēk
2 do
3 si/ se
4 cahār, tas°
5 panz
6 šaš
7 haft
8 ašt
9 nō(h)
10 dah
11 yāzdah
12 dvāzdah
13 sezdah
14 cahārdah
15 pā(n)zdah
16 šāzdah
17 haf(t)dah
18 (h)aštdah
19 nōzdah
20 vīst
21 vīst-u-ēk
22 vīst-u-do
30 sīh
40 cahal
50 panzāh
60 šast
70 haftād
80 aštād
90 navad
100 sad
200 dvēst/ dvēsad
300 sisad/ tirēst
400 cahārsad
500 panzsad/ pānsad
600 šašsad
700 haf(t)sad
800 aštsad
900 nōhsad
1 000 hazār
2 000 dohazār
10 000 dahhazār/ bēvar
1 000 000 hazārhazār
→ Ordinal numbers
fradum/ naxvist first
didīg/ didīgar second
sidīg/ sidīgar third
tasum/ cahārum fourth
panzum fifth
→ Fractions
cahārēk, (casrušoyag) a quarter
siēk, (srišoyag) a third
nēm(ag) a half
si cahārēk three-quarters
visp, hamag, hāmōyēn all
ēc nē, hambun-z nē none
→ Amounts
cand? how much/ many?
framāy dādan-am … please give me …
sad dāngsang 100 grams
šaš dānag half a dozen
hazār dāngsang a kilo
ēk bastag a packet
ēv brīd a slice
ēv arzīzag a tin
hambun (just) a little
vas a lot of
vēš more
sēb ēcand some apples
• Times & dates
zamān
→ Telling the time (zamān)
zamān cand ast ?
what time is it?
zamān dah ast
it’s 10 o’clock
zamān sezdam ast
it’s 1 o’clock pm.
zamān ēv cahārēk saxtag az cahārdah
zamān cahārdah ud pānzdah rēdak
quarter past 2
vīst rēdak saxtag az nōh
twenty past 9
dvāzdah ud nēm
half past 12
vīst rēdak māndag ō ēk
twenty to 1
ēv cahārēk māndag ō ēk
quarter to 1
(ped) bāmdād in the morning
(ped) uzerin in the afternoon
(ped) ēvārag in the evening
→ Days of the month (rōz ī māh)
1 ohrmazd (rōz)
2 vahman (rōz)
3 ardvahišt/ urdvahišt (rōz)
4 šahrver (rōz)
5 spendārmed (rōz)
6 hurdād (rōz)
7 amurdād (rōz)
8 day-ped-ādur (rōz)
9 ādur (rōz)
10 ābān (rōz)
11 xvar (rōz)
12 māh (rōz)
13 tīr (rōz)
14 gōš (rōz)
15 day-ped-mihr (rōz)
16 mihr (rōz)
17 srōš (rōz)
18 rašn (rōz)
19 fravardīn (rōz)
20 vahrām (rōz)
21 rām (rōz)
22 vād (rōz)
23 day-ped-dēn (rōz)
24 dēn (rōz)
25 ard (rōz)
26 aštād (rōz)
27 asmān (rōz)
28 zamyād (rōz)
29 mārspend (rōz)
30 anērān (rōz)
Pentad (panzag)
1 ahunved (gāh)
2 uštved (gāh)
3 spendmed (gāh)
4 vohuxšahr (gāh)
5 vahištōišt (gāh)
→ Days of the week (rōz ī haftag)
šambat/ kēvān (zamān) Saturday
ēvšambt/ mihr (zamān) Sunday
došambat/ māh (zamān) Monday
sišambat/ vahrām (zamān) Tuesday
cahāršambat/ tīr (zamān) Wednesday
panzšambat/ ohrmazd (zamān) Thursday
ādēnag/ anāhīd (zamān) Friday
→ The calendar (sālnāmag)
┤ months (māh)
1 day
2 vahman
3 spendārmed
4 fravardīn
5 urdvahišt
6 hurdād
7 tīr
8 amurdād
9 šahrver
10 mihr
11 ābān
12 ādur
panzgāh
┤ seasons (āvām)
1 vahār spring
2 hāmin summer
3 pādēz autumn
4 zimestān winter
→ Dates (māhrōz)
māhrōz cē?
what’s the date?
imrōz cē rōz (ast)?
what’s the day today?
mihr rōz ī mihr māh ast
it’s the 16th of Mihr
→ present (nūnēn)
nūn now
ham nūn right now
im uzerin this afternoon
im māh this month
im bāmdād this morning
im haftag this week
imsāl this year
imrōz today
imāšab tonight
→ past (pēšēn)
(si) rōz ī pēš (three) days ago
nēm-zamān ī pēš half an hour ago
cand-ē pēš a while ago
(panz) sāl ī pēš (5) years ago
dōš last night
parēr the day before yesterday
haftag ī pēš last week
māh ī pēš last month
pārsāl last (year)
az (day) since (Day)
dīg yesterday
uzerin afternoon
ēvārag evening
bāmdād morning
dā ō nūn till now
→ future (pasēn)
pas-fradāg the day after tomorrow
dā … in …
(šaš) rōz (6) days
(panz) rēdak (5) minutes
didīg haftag next week
didīg māg next month
didīg sāl next year
frāzdar zamān in the future
fradāg … tomorrow …
bāmdād morning
uzerin afternoon
ēvārag evening
dā mihr zamān until (Sunday)
az nūn frāz from now on
dā ēk zamān ī did within an hour
→ During the day (andar rōzšabān)
uzerin afternoon
bām down
rōz day
šām evening
nēmrōz midday
nēmšab midnight
bāmdād morning
šab night
xvarāsān sunrise
xvarōfrān sunset
• Weights & Measures
sang ud peymān
→ Measures formed with the prefixes are :
dah- deca-
sad- hecta-
hazār- kilo-
dahēk- deci-
sadēk- centi-
hazārēk- mil(l)i-
→ Linear measures
1 hazārēk-peymān 1 millimetre = 0,03937 inch
1 sadēk-peymān 1 centimetre = 0, 3937 inch
1 peymān 1 metre = 39,37 inch
1 hazārpeymān 1 kilometre = 0,6214 mile
1 angust finger = ¾ inch
1 ašt palm = 4 angust = 3 inch
1 ulašt long palm = 8 angust = 6 inch
1 dišt short span = 10 angust = 7.5 inch
1 vidast span = 12 angust = 9 inch
1 pāy foot = 16 angust = 12 inch
1 frārāst cubit = 24 angust = 18 inch/ 1 foot 6 inch
1 gām yard = 48 angust = 3 feet
1 gām ī dopāy pace = 80 angust = 5 feet
1 judnāy fathom = 96 angust = 6 feet
1 nāy pole = 160 angust = 16 feet
1 hāsr mile = 1000 paces
1 frasang/ 1 asnayast parasang = 4 hāsr = 4 miles
1 tazar = 2 hāsr
1 dašmayast = 8 hāsr
1 yujyast = 16 hāsr
→ Square measures
1 vistardag sadēk-peymān 1 square centimetre
1 vistardag peymān 1 square metre
1 vistardag hazārpeymān 1 square kilometre
→ Cubic measures
1 tanumand sadēkpeymān 1 cubic centimetre
1 tanumand peymān 1 cubic metre
→ Measures of capacity
1 kabīz = 1000 tanumand sadēkpeymān ≈ 1 litre
1 grīv = 1à kabīz
→ Weights
1 dāngsang ≈ 1 gram(me)
1 hazārdāngsang ≈ 1 kilogramme
